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What is a training split?

Paul Hummel Last reviewed June 10, 2026 4 min read
What is a training split?
Quick answer

A training split is a workout structure in which each session trains only part of your musculature — for example, upper body and lower body on separate days. The goal is to give individual muscle groups more volume or more recovery.

How it differs from full-body training

In full-body training, every session hits all the major muscle groups. With a split, the weekly workload is spread across multiple sessions, so each muscle group is trained less often but with more volume per session. Typical variations include the upper/lower split (2-day split) and push/pull/legs (3-day split).

How splits compare in practice

It isn't the split that determines muscle growth — it's the total weekly volume per muscle group. A meta-analysis on training frequency found comparable hypertrophy gains between split and full-body programs when volume was matched (Schoenfeld, Ogborn & Krieger, 2016).

When a split makes sense

Split programs are most useful when you can train more than three times per week, or when your per-muscle-group volume is very high. For beginners training two to three times per week, the ACSM position stand typically recommends full-body programs, since every muscle group then gets stimulated multiple times per week (Ratamess et al., 2009).

Choosing between a split and full-body training isn't a matter of dogma — it's a matter of training frequency. What drives muscle growth is the weekly volume per muscle group, not how you divide your sessions.

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Sources

  1. Schoenfeld, B. J., Ogborn, D., Krieger, J. W. (2016). Effects of Resistance Training Frequency on Measures of Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine, 46(11). PubMed
  2. Ratamess, N. A., et al. (2009). Progression Models in Resistance Training for Healthy Adults (ACSM Position Stand). Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 41(3). PubMed
  3. Grgic, J., Schoenfeld, B. J., Latella, C. (2018). Effects of Resistance Training Frequency on Gains in Muscular Strength: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine, 48(5). PubMed
This content is for general informational purposes only and is not a substitute for medical, nutritional, or therapeutic advice. If you have a medical condition, are pregnant, or take medication, please consult a qualified professional. Recommendations apply to healthy adults.